<p>Hobson Lake is the uppermost lake on the Clearwater River in east-central British Columbia, Canada. Hobson Lake is one of the six major lakes in Wells Gray Provincial Park.</p><br>
<p>Hobson Lake is bordered to the east by peaks of the Cariboo Mountains which rise nearly 2000 m (6500 ft) above the lakeshore. Among these are Twin Spires and Mount Hugh Neave. The latter is the seventh highest mountain in Wells Gray Park at 2,829 m. Its name recognizes a mountaineer who climbed many peaks in northern Wells Gray Park during the 1960s and 1970s. Hugh Neave made the first ascent of Wells Gray Parks third highest mountain, Garnet Peak, in 1974; it is located due east of Hobson Lakes outlet. West of Hobson Lake is the Quesnel Highland which has no named mountains near the lake.</p><br>
<h2>History and naming</h2><br>
<p>Hobson Lake is named for John B. Hobson, a man who did more than any other in British Columbia to demonstrate the value of hydraulic placer mining. With this technique, a bank of gold-bearing gravel was washed into sluices by a powerful jet of water where the gold separated from the gravel. Hobson was born in Ireland in 1844, moved to New York, and studied mining engineering and metallurgy in California. He came to Canada in 1892 at the invitation of the directors of the Canadian Pacific Railway to explore the extensive fields of gold-bearing gravel known to exist in the Cariboo District. He subsequently organized two companies, the Consolidated Cariboo Hydraulic Mining Company on the Quesnel River and the Horsefly Hydraulic Mining Company on the Horsefly River. These were the largest and most modern attempts at hydraulic mining so far known in British Columbia. Unfortunately, because of a lack of funding, neither development prospered.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Drummond was the first prospector to investigate Hobson Creek, one of three streams which flows into the upper end of Hobson Lake. He wrote gloomily:</p><br>
<p>I built a flume 10 feet by 45 feet and 325 feet long, and put in a dam 10 feet high and 60 feet long, which carried the water of the stream and laid the bed bare. I spent between $4000 and $5000 and the returns were very disappointing on the whole, although I took out a little gold. It is a terrible country for boulders, both large and numerous, of glacial origin, which have simply filled the creek, making it practically impossible to work the bed of the stream or to prospect on the sides. Under such conditions as to remoteness and boulders the creek would have to be exceptionally rich, which it certainly is not, and even after the flume and dam were in it did not pay the expenses of mining.</p><br>
<p>The Westenhiser Company acquired Drummond&#39;s Hobson Creek property soon after and, in the summer of 1914, employed a crew of men to improve the road between Quesnel Lake and Hobson Lake. In 1915, a small steamboat ferried mining equipment to the head of Hobson Lake from where a horse-team packed the supplies 2.5 km up the creek to the holdings. The workings consisted of tunnels to test the gravel deposits, flumes, dams and ditchlines, and small-scale attempts at hydraulics, but most of these efforts failed for lack of funds to properly test the gravel. The next owner was the New Cariboo Goldfields Company in 1920 which also found limited prospects on Hobson Creek.</p><br>
<p>Fred Wells staked some claims in 1923 at the head of a branch of Hobson Creek now called Fred Wells Creek, and was later named the Blue Ice Group. The name aptly described the site, located at an elevation of 2,075 m, just 60 m (200 ft) away from an active glacier. Although showings of gold and silver were of an economical quantity during the 1938 survey, the site was never fully developed, because of the unpredictable movements of the nearby glacier.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>There is no road to Hobson Lake. Modern access is difficult and a visit is a wilderness experience requiring much preparation and survival skills. A trail, 13 km long, starts at the head of Clearwater Lake and ends at the outlet of Hobson Lake. It is usually in poor condition with many deadfalls. A major hazard is fording Lickskillet Creek because 40 m high Sundt Falls is just downstream. Rental canoes are available at Hobson Lake by prior arrangement with Clearwater Lake Tours. This company also provides a water taxi to the trailhead. A second access route is an overgrown trail that connects Quesnel Lake and Hobson Lake, the remains of the old mining tote road. There are no trails from the lakeshore to the alpine meadows and reaching treeline is challenging due to dense undergrowth. The Kamloops Mountaineering Club organized two expeditions in the 1990s to climb Mount Hugh Neave and both turned back due to difficult conditions. Access by air is restricted and a special permit from B.C. Parks is required to land a float plane or helicopter at Hobson Lake.</p><br>
<p>Angus Horne Lake is located in Wells Gray Provincial Park in east-central British Columbia, Canada. It is an expansion of Angus Horne Creek which rises from an unnamed glacier in the Cariboo Mountains. The outflow, also called Angus Horne Creek, flows 11.25 km to Azure Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Naming</h2><br>
<p>The lake and creek are named for Angus Horne who was born in Enfield, Nova Scotia, in 1880 and came to the North Thompson Valley in 1912 to work on the Canadian Northern Railway surveys. He was wounded at Vimy Ridge in 1917 and returned to Blue River where he lived for the rest of his life. His log house on the shore of Lake Eleanor, “The Dreamerie”, was the showplace of Blue River. Horne maintained an active and strenuous life of prospecting, trapping, lumbering and surveying, and he was always an enthusiastic promoter of the Yellowhead route for the proposed Trans-Canada Highway. From 1936 to 1943, he was postmaster of Blue River. Horne died in January 1948.</p><br>
<p>Angus Horne Lake and Creek are an exception to the usual Canadian toponymy policy which frowns on using first and last names. Other examples in Wells Gray Park are Mount Hugh Neave and Fred Wells Creek. On some maps, Angus Horne and Fred Wells are spelled as one word, but two is correct.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>There is no road or trail to Angus Horne Lake, and helicopters and float planes are not allowed to land, so visitors are extremely rare. The cross-country approach along Angus Horne Creek from Azure Lake is choked with dense undergrowth, Slide Alder and Devil&#39;s Club, due to the wet climate in this area.</p><br>
<p>Murtle Lake is a lava dammed lake located in Wells Gray Provincial Park, east-central British Columbia, Canada. It is fed primarily by the Murtle River which rises from a large unnamed glacier in the Cariboo Mountains at an elevation of 2,300 m and flows southwest for 18 km to the lake. The Murtle River also drains Murtle Lake then flows southwest for 36 km into the Clearwater River.</p><br>
<p>Murtle Lake looks like a reversed letter L with two arms. The North Arm extends fjord-like deep into the Cariboo Mountains. The West Arm, which attracts the most visitors, has extensive sandy beaches, many coves and three islands. The Wavy Range rises above the east shore of the north arm. Central Mountain occupies the bend between the two arms. The valley of Stevens Lakes extends to the south towards Battle Mountain.</p><br>
<p>In 1968, about 40% of Wells Gray Park or 525,680 acres was set aside as the Murtle Lake Nature Conservancy and gave this area a high level of protection from development. Two years later, motorboats and aircraft were banned and today Murtle Lake is the largest lake in North America where only canoes and kayaks are allowed.</p><br>
<h2>Access and trails</h2><br>
<p>The only way to get to Murtle Lake is by a 27 km road off the Yellowhead Highway at Blue River. It ends at the boundary of Wells Gray Park near Phyllis Lake. From here, visitors must portage a canoe or kayak for 2.5 km to the Murtle Lagoon. The trail is wide with a gentle gradient, so many visitors use a canoe cart instead of actually carrying it. Visitors without a canoe can continue on the trail for 1.5 km along the north shore of Murtle Lagoon to an extensive sandbar and a view of Murtle Lake itself.</p><br>
<p>There are 19 designated campsites with 66 spaces along the lakeshore. Visitors are not allowed to camp anywhere else. Review BC Parks regulations prior to your visit.</p><br>
<p>Eight trails leave the lakeshore: McDougall Falls, File Creek Portage Trail, McDougall Lake route, Anderson Lake, Central Mountain, Henrietta Lake, Strait Lake and Wavy Range. Refer to Exploring Wells Gray Park for detailed descriptions and starting points.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery and naming</h2><br>
<p>There are no records about Murtle Lake being known by First Nations. The lake was discovered by Joseph Hunter, a surveyor working for the future Canadian Pacific Railway, on May 27, 1874. Hunter&#39;s expedition rafted across the Clearwater River near The Horseshoe, headed east for about 13 km, and reached the Murtle River upstream from Majerus Falls. He named the Murtle River, then Murtle Lake a few days later, for his birthplace in Scotland, Milton of Murtle, near Aberdeen.</p><br>
<p>Following is the first written description of Murtle Lake, taken from Joseph Hunter&#39;s diary: "From the head of the canyon to Camp 10, 2 1/2 miles...the river is from 175 to 200 feet wide. At Camp 10, where it has become a lake, one-fourth of a mile wide, we crossed on a raft, and travelling down a fine wide valley, due east, for five miles, reached a lake at 3,700 feet, the same altitude as Camp 10. I soon discovered that we had crossed an arm of this (Murtle Lake) early in the morning...It is enclosed on the east by low green hills; on the north the mountains are bold, high and rugged. On the south, the most important in case a line of railway should come this way, the mountains are steep but not rough, and generally keep well away from the lake, leaving a margin of hard, firm, level ground along the shore."</p><br>
<p>Hunter&#39;s expedition explored around Murtle Lake for four days and left via the low pass to the east. They reached the North Thompson River near Blue River on June 2.</p><br>
<p>Between 1872 and 1881, about 20 survey parties fanned out across British Columbia trying to find the best route for the new railway between Yellowhead Pass in the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Coast. Three survey parties visited what is now Wells Gray Park. When the more southern Kicking Horse Pass was chosen instead in 1881, all of these meticulously examined routes across the Canadian Cordilleran, including Hunter&#39;s, were abandoned. Only three place names in the Park recognize those 10 wasted years of surveys: Murtle River & Lake, Mahood River & Lake, and Marcus Falls. The latter two refer to James Adam Mahood and Marcus Smith, leaders of two other railway surveys during the 1870s.</p><br>
<p>Fort Johnston was a British fort, later a United States Army post, in Brunswick County, North Carolina on Moore Street near Southport, North Carolina. It stands on the west bank of the Cape Fear River, four miles above its mouth.</p><br>
<h2>Colonial</h2><br>
<p>Before the construction of Fort Johnston, British settlements along the Carolina coast lacked fortifications to protect them against pirates and privateers, and numerous Spanish attackers exploited this weakness. In response to these attacks, Governor Gabriel Johnston in 1744 appointed a committee to select the best location to construct a fort for the defense of the Cape Fear River region. France meanwhile declared King Georges War against Britain in 1744. The Governor of South Carolina agreed to lend ten small cannons for the fort. Facing increasingly bold Spanish privateer raids, the General Assembly of North Carolina colony in April 1745 authorized the construction of "Johnstons Fort" near the mouth of the Cape Fear River. In spring 1748, the legislature appropriated 2000 pounds, and construction finally began.</p><br>
<p>Two Spanish privateers in summer 1748 intended to seize slaves working on construction of the fort. Finding none at the time of their raid, the privateers sailed upriver and attacked Brunswick, North Carolina by sea and land, looting the town and taking hostages over two days. The local militia eventually drove the raiders back to their ships, but the Spanish privateers continued to bombard the town for a third day. Only after one privateering ship accidentally exploded and sank did the fleet retreat toward the sea.</p><br>
<p>Although Governor Johnston declared the fort complete in April 1749, work on the fortification, the first in North Carolina colony, continued to progress well into the 1750s. North Carolina garrisoned the fort with a few dozen militia soldiers and used it for coastal protection and as a quarantine station for incoming mariners. The militia men included Captain Robert Howe, first stationed at Fort Johnston in 1766.</p><br>
<h2>American Revolutionary War</h2><br>
<p>American patriots attacked the home of Josiah Martin, British royal governor of the Province of North Carolina, at New Bern, on 24 April 1775. Governor Martin then sent his family to New York, transferred his headquarters to Fort Johnston on 2 June 1775, and instigated a plot to arm the slaves. After the patriots discovered this plot, John Ashe of the Wilmington Committee of Safety led a group of patriotic colonists in a plot against Fort Johnson in July 1775. Governor Martin and his supporters removed most military stores, dismounted the cannon of the fort, and fled aboard the British sloop-of-war Cruiser at anchor in the Cape Fear River. American patriots controlled, burnt, and destroyed Fort Johnston, including the home of its commandant. Governor Martin rallied Loyalist forces from his offshore redoubt.</p><br>
<p>During winter 1775/1776, the British army sent seven regular regiments and two companies of artillery to the lower Cape Fear region, aspiring to rouse Loyalist colonists to take arms to restore Royal Governor Martin to power. Colonel James Moore, however, routed a numerically superior force of Scottish Highlanders in Battle of Moore&#39;s Creek Bridge on 27 February 1776, and the British abandoned their strategy. The British fleet still maintained some control of the region for the succeeding few years.</p><br>
<p>In 1778, the North Carolina General Assembly appropriated £5000 to rebuild Fort Johnston and named Captain Robert Ellis to command the fort. When British Major James Henry Craig entered the region on 25 January 1781, Captain Ellis left Fort Johnston. Major Craig aimed to establish a supply base for General Charles Cornwallis and probably destroyed the nascent Fort Johnston again. General Cornwallis later surrendered to American General George Washington after the siege of Yorktown, Virginia, on 17 October 1781. American troops under General Griffith Rutherford advanced toward Wilmington in mid-November 1781, and British Major Craig withdrew.</p><br>
<h2>Antebellum period</h2><br>
<p>Following the American Revolutionary War, peace prevailed, and Fort Johnston underwent a period of physical decay. The community of Smithville, North Carolina, (later renamed Southport) gradually developed around the fort. Benjamin Smith apparently opposed incorporation of the town in the state General Assembly in 1790; however, the legislature supposedly named the town in his honor to gain his support. His opponents allegedly supported the idea only because they believed that the town would not prosper. The town started with one hundred half-acre lots.</p><br>
<p>In March 1794 with war raging in Europe, the Congress appropriated funds for the first system of seacoast defense in the United States to fortify sixteen critical ports on the seaboard, provided that states provide the land. North Carolina quickly ceded the land to the federal government. Although reconstruction began in July 1794, work on Fort Johnston progressed slowly over decades. Politician Benjamin Smith ultimately agreed to sponsor the reconstruction of the fort. Major Joseph Gardner Swift characterized Fort Johnston as "dilapidated" upon inspecting the post in January 1810.</p><br>
<p>The fort probably contained a seawall, battery, quarters for officers, barracks for enlisted men, gunpowder magazine, bakery, and other buildings. The fort rented a building at the corner of Nash and Howe streets from Smithville town commissioners as a hospital. The USA Army built quarters for officers at the fort about 1810.</p><br>
<p>In spring 1812, the Army formed a new unit, the "Sea Fencibles," composed of river pilots who resolved to serve on land and sea. Governor William Hawkins assigned four militia companies from coastal southern North Carolina to Fort Johnston to strengthen the defenses of Cape Fear during the War of 1812. Many locals feared that Fort Johnston provided inadequate defense for the region. The British, however, did not attack the region during the war.</p><br>
<p>After the War of 1812, an individual sergeant sometimes commanded Fort Johnston, and the Army abandoned it altogether at least once while engaging its troops elsewhere. Nevertheless, the surgeon began to record meteorological observations from the early 1820s. Its garrison departed to fight in Second Seminole War in 1836. The Army completed Fort Caswell two miles away in 1838, reducing the importance of Fort Johnston. The Fort Johnston garrison again departed to fight in Mexican–American War in 1846.</p><br>
<p>Soldiers at Fort Johnston enjoyed cordial relations with the civilian population of Smithville, North Carolina, throughout the antebellum years, making it a desirable posting. Early in January 1861, a delegation from Wilmington approached Governor John Willis Ellis, seeking his permission to allow seizure of Fort Johnston from the Union forces, but he denied their request.</p><br>
<h2>American Civil War</h2><br>
<p>Local rebels, however, did not await secession of North Carolina before seizing Fort Johnston from the Union. They approached the sole caretaker sergeant posted at the fort and demanded its surrender on 8 January 1861. The Union soldier recognized his inability to mount a defense, conceded to their demands, and informed his superiors in Washington. Governor Ellis, however, compelled the rebels to evacuate the seized fort and return it to Union control. After the fall of Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, however, Governor Ellis ordered the recapture of Fort Johnston, and the caretaker Ordnance Corps (United States Army) sergeant again surrendered it. North Carolina seceded from the Union on 20 May 1861 and joined the Confederate States of America.</p><br>
<p>Early in the American Civil War, Fort Johnston emerged as a center of Confederate States Army recruitment and training. Fort Johnston also served as a supply depot for the local system of fortifications, storing and distributing vast quantities of military hardware and sustenance. The Confederacy also massively renovated and upgraded the defenses of the region, including Fort Johnston, Fort Caswell, and Fort Fisher. Five hundred slaves and three hundred Indians in bondage undertook some of the labor on this huge construction program.</p><br>
<p>The Confederacy increasingly depended on blockade runners breaking through the Union Navy lines to maintain trade necessary to sustain the war effort. With two inlets on the Cape Fear River, dangerous shoals to trap Union ships lacking the knowledge of local river pilots, the Cape Fear River made an ideal spot for blockade running. Fort Johnston coordinated these attempts and provided critical protective cover to Confederate shipping. The first Confederate steamer to run the Union blockade entered Wilmington in December 1861, and trade through Port of Wilmington increased through 1862, especially after the Union Navy successfully sealed Charleston, South Carolina, to Confederate shipping in summer 1862. An average of one ship a day ran the blockade successfully throughout 1863 and 1864. The fort and its garrison maintained the security of the Cape Fear River against Union army and naval forces with weapons, munitions, and supplies imported from Europe, Canada, Bermuda, Cuba, and eventually other Caribbean territories. Railroads carried goods from Wilmington, North Carolina, to Richmond, Virginia, providing critical supplies to Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The Confederacy in late 1862 renamed Fort Johnston as Fort Branch in honor of Confederate Brigadier General Lawrence O&#39;Bryan Branch, a local who died in Battle of Antietam. In 1863, the Confederate Army renamed Fort Branch as Fort Pender in honor of Confederate Major General William Dorsey Pender, who died of wounds sustained at Battle of Gettysburg.</p><br>
<p>In late 1864, President Abraham Lincoln, determined to deal a "mortal blow" to the Confederacy, developed a strategy with his military advisors to cease the only significant sustained blockade running activity, that originating from the Cape Fear River outlet. On 24 December 1864, Union warships began an intense bombardment of nearby Fort Fisher, and after a persistent onslaught, Union forces captured the vastly undermanned Fort Fisher on the evening of 15 January 1865. Brigadier General Louis Jagger Hébert then commanded Fort Pender. Facing thousands of Union troops, the Confederate garrisons in the area withdrew to Wilmington, North Carolina, and Union forces seized an undamaged Fort Pender on 17/18 January 1865.</p><br>
<p>Union Naval Lieutenant William B. Cushing led the first contingent of Yankees into Smithville, North Carolina, took the 44 sick or wounded occupants of the Confederate hospital at Fort Pender as prisoners, met with a committee of citizens, demanded the surrender of all private arms, and raised the Flag of the United States. Union troops staged at Fort Pender for their advance against Fort Anderson (North Carolina) and thence into Wilmington, which fell on 22 February 1865. The Confederacy surrendered in spring 1865, and the name of Fort Pender reverted to Fort Johnston.</p><br>
<h2>Postwar period</h2><br>
<p>After the American Civil War, the War Department generally moved to reduce the number of coastal fortifications and the number of troops in the Army. United States Army, however, continued to garrison Fort Johnston through Reconstruction. In December 1880, the Army transferred the garrison from Fort Johnston to Washington, District of Columbia. On 21 February 1881, the government officially ended role of Fort Johnston in Seacoast defense in the United States.</p><br>
<p>In June 1881, Signal Corps (United States Army) reoccupied the fort. The facility later passed to the Weather Bureau, United States Army Corps of Engineers, and Surveying Corps.</p><br>
<p>United Service Organizations occupied the fort during World War II. During the early 1950s, Fort Johnston hosted officers from an air rescue unit of United States Air Force.</p><br>
<p>Military Ocean Terminal Sunny Point opened in 1955 and used Fort Johnston. From the 1950s, the facility maintained housing for four military families and one unaccompanied soldier. The family of the commanding officer typically lived at the main building at Fort Johnston.</p><br>
<p>National Register of Historic Places listings in Brunswick County, North Carolina, added Fort Johnston on 7 June 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Decommissioning</h2><br>
<p>After 2004, the Army declared Fort Johnston surplus and ceased operations, independent of the Base Realignment and Closure process. North Carolina Maritime Museum at Southport opened on the former fort property.</p><br>
<p>Penta Geyser sits a few feet off the path adjacent to Spasmodic Geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, United States.</p><br>
<p>Penta is located in the Sawmill Complex with geysers such as Sawmill Geyser, and Spasmodic Geyser. Penta Geyser has five vents, providing the basis of its name. Due to its location in the Sawmill Complex, Penta has a very close relation to the activity of Sawmill and the other geysers in the area. Pentas eruptions usually begin when the water levels in the complex are rising. This usually occurs after Spasmodic, and sometimes Tardy Geysers eruptions begin. Before an eruption, water pools up near Penta. It can flow down toward Sawmill. Even very late in these stages, Sawmill can begin to erupt and cut off Penta, causing it to drain without an eruption. Penta Geyser usually erupts with Spasmodic, and ends a few minutes after Spasmodic stops. The eruptions are more common when the Sawmill Complex is in "Penta-Churn" mode.</p><br>
<p>Penta was known at one time as "the Handsaw."</p><br>
<p>Mount Jōnen is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains, reaching the height of 2,857 m. The shape of the mountain looks like the triangle. It can be seen from Azumi Basin.</p><br>
<h2>Outline</h2><br>
<p>This mountain is formed with Granite. Before 1959 nine kinds of butterfly on high mountains can be seen around the mountain. Colias erate and others can be seen now. The shape of the remaining snow of this mountain had decided the time when it farmed. The shape was called Jōnen-Bō.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Summer 1894: Englishman Walter Weston became the first man to climb on the top.</p><br>
<p>Summer 1906: Usui Kojima became the first Japanese man to climb on the top.</p><br>
<p>July 27, 1919: Mountain hut of Jōnen Hut was opened.</p><br>
<p>1922: Kyūya Fukada stayed at the Jōnen Hut, and climbed this mountain.</p><br>
<p>June 1931: The double accident of the climbing mountain party and the rescue team occurred.</p><br>
<p>December 4, 1934: This area was specified to the Chūbu-Sangaku National Park.</p><br>
<p>1993: Postage stamp of Jōnen Kasa with Matsumoto Castle was put on the market by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (Japan).</p><br>
<p>May 28, 2007: NHK broadcasts the television program concerning Mount Jōnen in the series programs of excellent mountain in Japan.</p><br>
<p>September 10, 2010: NHK broadcasts the television program concerning Mount Jōnen and the high mountain butterfly.</p><br>
<h2>Mountaineering</h2><br>
<h3>Main ascent routes</h3><br>
<p>There are three climbing routes to the top of the mountain.</p><br>
<h3>Mountain hut</h3><br>
<p>Thera are several Mountain hut around Mount Jōnen. There is the Campsite on each hut.</p><br>
<p>Jōnen Hut (常念小屋) - On the pass of Jōnen Pass between Mount Jōnen and Mount Yokotooshi. It is one of the oldest hut in Japan.</p><br>
<p>Mount Chō Hut (蝶ヶ岳ヒュッテ) - Near the top of Mount Chō.</p><br>
<p>Yokoo Mountain Cottage (横尾山荘) - In Yokoo most in the north of Kamikochi.</p><br>
<p>Daiten Cottage (大天荘) - Near the top of Mount Otensyo.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Nearby Mountains</h3><br>
<p>It is on the sub ridge line of Jōnen Mountains in the southeast part of the Hida Mountains. There is a small peak of Mount Mae-Jōnen in the southeast by east.</p><br>
<h3>Source river</h3><br>
<p>Each source river joins the main stream of Shinano River, then flows to the Sea of Japan.</p><br>
<p>Ichinomata Valley (Tributary of Azusa River)</p><br>
<p>Jōnen River, Ichino River and Nino river (tributary of Sai (Nagano) River)</p><br>
<p>The Gruta das Torres , is a lava cave, a geological formation of volcanic origin formed from the flow and cooling of subterranean magma rivers. This formation is located outside the parish of Criação Velha, in the municipality of Madalena, on the western flanks of the island of Pico. The cave system formed from a series of pāhoehoe lava flows which originating from the Cabeço Bravo parasitic cone about 500 to 1500 years ago. The caves are a group of interconnected lava tubes between 0.5–22 metres  width, created from both pāhoehoe and aā types of lavas generated during different geological periods. It has a height between 1.1 and 15 metres  and is located at an elevation of 300 m. With an estimated length of over 5.2 km it is the longest lava cave in the Azores. Access to the cave was managed by the Mountaineering Association . Starting in 2011, AZORINA, SA took over the management and organization of the cave.</p><br>
<p>The cave doesnt have a date of discovery but the first scientific exploration was in 1990. The caves uniqueness lies in its impressive drainage pattern, which can be shown by the presence of more than seven layers on the walls, with lateral benches and three cornices.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery</h2><br>
<p>The Gruta das Torress doesnt have a date of discovery but the first scientific exploration was in 1990. Between March 28 and April 23, 1991, a "three dimensional braided system" was documented by a team of speleologists when the cave was recorded as the longest lava tube in Azores with the explored length of 3350 metres. the Azores Regional Government declared the cave a regional natural monument on March 18, 2004 (Monumento Natural Regional DLR N.° 6/2004/A), the second regional natural monument to gain such a distinction, and to be honored for its unique geological setting and its length in Azores. Following this, a visitor center was planned and built as a facility for visitors. It is also inferred that the caves are a part of the volcanic phenomenon in the mountains of Azores that occurred about 1000 years ago.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Gruta das Torres is located on the lower western slope of Mount Pico, located in the parish of Criação Velha in Madalena in the western-mid part of the island of Pico, in the central-south of the Azores. The Torres Grotto is one of 28 larger caves and eight pits discovered in the island of Pico, which has the largest number of caves of any island in the Azores. Most of these caves lie in the western half of Pico Island.</p><br>
<h3>Formation</h3><br>
<p>The Gruta das Torres is located on the slope of Pico, further down than Furna de Frei Matias, a large cave inside Pico&#39;s cone. The largest lava tube, cited by various sources to either be the longest or second longest in Azores formed by a volcanic eruption originating in Cabeço Bravo. The main part of the tunnel is fairly large with a height of 15 metres in places, although the top side of the tunnel is very small.</p><br>
<p>The lava tunnel is at a ten-minute walking distance to the south of Madelena. A signpost near Criacao Vella directs to the Grutas Das Torres. The cave has two entrances. The first entrance is open to the sky or a day lighted roof at one end of the tunnel. The other entry is a tunnel cavern opening which is inferred to have been formed due a slump in the roof. The tunnel has clear pāhoehoe lava in some reaches while in some other reaches the roof has collapsed with large lava blocking the tunnel route making access hazardous and narrow. Lava gutters are also seen. A number of secondary tunnels also have impressive geological formations. The lava tubes have picturesque formations of stalactites (lavacicles), stalagmites, lava, lava benches and side balls or balls of lava. Considering the large size of the cave, with further scientific studies more faunal species may be discovered.</p><br>
<p>The liquid lava that dripped from the roof of Gruta das Torres has formed into picturesque stalactite and stalagmite and also in several other formations and shapes. Inside the tunnel, it is humid as water drips from the roof and a constant temperature of 16 &deg;C is recorded throughout the year. However, the entrance has a slightly higher temperature. The total drop is approximately 200 m.</p><br>
<p>The tunnels formed within a pāhoehoe type lava flow. The top of the flow cooled against the air and formed a solid crust, while beneath it the liquid lava continued to move. As the amount of liquid lava passing through them decreased, the tunnels emptied. Silica oxide is also seen in walls of the cave in some stretches of the cave. At the main entrance, after passing through the ‘Algar da Ponte’ ("Algar Bridge"), there is an avenue of trees. Some forms of plant life like ferns, mosses and lichens are also noted at the portal, floor and walls of the cave opening.</p><br>
<p>Deep inside, in the darker regions of the cave, mold, bacteria and insects have been identified. The troglobite faunal species found, typical of such caves, are the endemic species of Trechus Pico Machado and Cixius azopicavuz Hoch.</p><br>
<h2>UNESCO Heritage List</h2><br>
<p>Considering the large number of caves found in the Azores archipelago – 271 caves under four categories of Rank A, B, C and D, the Government of Azores has initiated a proposal for submission of a few selected caves to UNESCO for inscribing under the UNESCO World Heritage List. A Working Group on Volcanic Caves of Azores supported by the Azorean Speleological Inventory and Classifying System database has identified 30 Volcanic Caves of Rank A, which are located in the Graciosa, Pico, São Jorge, São Miguel and Terceira islands for inclusion in the UNESCO List. Of these 30 volcanoes identified for UNESCO recognition, Pico island has the maximum number of 17 volcanic caves in the proposal, which includes the Gruta das Torres cave. The selection criteria for inclusion of the caves in the list was based on the scientific value, tourism prospects, approach conditions, perceived threats, data base and conservation standing.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The first 450 m are accessible to visitors accompanied by a guide. A visitor centre built in basalt rocks and aesthetically merging with the environment, provides a guided access into the cave. The Gruta das Torres has been open to the public since 2005. Visitors are allowed in groups of 15 at a time and each visitor is provided with a protective gear of a helmet fitted with lamps to see the dark interior. At the visitor centre, audiovisual presentations in English and Portuguese give details about the cave. As of 2011, the tours are scheduled for 10:30, 12:00, 13:30, 15:00 and 16:30 for the months of higher visitation (15 June to 15 September).</p><br>
<p>The Visitors&#39; Support Centre at the entrance to the cave has innovative architectural features – “a circular sweep and a linear spatial organization – a sequence of programmatic spaces that prepare visitors for the spectacle below.” It was awarded the "European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture Mies van der Rohe Award 2007", in Barcelona. It was a formal award presented by the European Union, in association with the Mies van der Rohe Foundation.</p><br>
<p>The innovative construction of the visitor center ensures that the cave entrance has full exposure to the skylight.</p><br>
<p>The Jackson Mine is an open pit iron mine in Negaunee, Michigan, extracting resources from the Marquette Iron Range. The first iron mine in the Lake Superior region, Jackson Mine was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site in 1956 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. Multiple other mines soon followed the Jackson&#39;s lead, establishing the foundation of the economy of the entire region. The mine is located northwest of intersection of Business M-28 and Cornish Town Road.</p><br>
<h2>Origins of the Jackson Mine (1844–1847)</h2><br>
<p>In 1844, government surveyor Douglass Houghton tasked his deputy, William A. Burt, with leading a party into Michigan&#39;s Upper Peninsula to carry out a full survey of the land. On September 19, 1844, Burt noted odd compass fluctuations while surveying in the area of Teal Lake (near present-day Negaunee, Michigan). He asked his men to investigate, and they discovered rock outcroppings that proved to contain iron ore, later known as the Marquette Iron Range. Although the local Ojibwe people (Chippewa) and earlier Native Americans certainly knew of these ore deposits, Burt and Houghton noted the find in their reports, and were the first to publish this discovery to the world at large.</p><br>
<p>In June 1845, businessmen organized the Jackson Mining Company in Jackson, Michigan, with Abram V. Berry as president and Philo M. Everett as treasurer. even so the tree was symbolically included in the seal of the city of Negaunee. Everett registered a claim to the site and had samples of the ore assayed; the ore proved to be of high quality, specifically hematite with a small percentage of manganese and chromium. The Jackson Mining Company switched its focus from copper to iron.</p><br>
<p>In 1846, the company sent an expedition to the site to further explore the area and obtain more ore to test. Forging the ore proved a success, and in the winter of 1846–1847, the Jackson Mining Company gathered equipment at the mine. In 1847, the company organized men and machinery and began taking ore out of the mine. It began constructing the Carp River Forge, which was finished the next year. The first pieces of ore from the mine were forged at the Carp River and sold to construct a steamer.</p><br>
<h2>Rise of the Jackson Iron Company (1848–1870s)</h2><br>
<p>In 1848, the Jackson Mining Company was re-incorporated with Fairchild Farrand as president; Berry and Everett and most of the rest of the original investors lost control of the company. In 1849, the company got a new president, Ezra Jones, and a new name: the Jackson Iron Company. In 1850, after numerous problems, the company gave up operation of their forge on the Carp River and leased the forge out. The company was in a precarious financial position, and ceased work for a time on both their forge and mining operations. However, production at the mine soon resumed, although company operations at the forge did not. Jackson began utilising the Marquette forge; however, they did ship some iron ore directly: the first shipment of five tons went to New Castle, Pennsylvania. The purity of this ore shipment attracted attention, and General Joel B. Curtis, president of the Sharon Iron Company of Sharon, Pennsylvania, travelled to Michigan to inspect the mine. Liking what he saw, he purchased a controlling interest in the Jackson Iron Company, and for some years the Jackson location was known as the "Sharon."</p><br>
<p>With Curtis&#39;s guidance, the company began shipping more ore; in 1852, 70 tons were shipped to Sharon Iron. However, shipping ore was still problematic, and in 1857 the Jackson Mine began building a furnace on their property. The slow increase in mining and then furnace construction brought an influx of workers, and a town grew up around the mine and furnace site. In 1857, the town was incorporated as "Negaunee," coming from an Ojibwa phrase meaning "I take the lead," or more loosely, "pioneer."</p><br>
<p>However, the Jackson Mine was indifferently run, with frequent changes in management, and for some years a "record of disappointments and financial embarrassment." The company established an iron furnace at Fayette in 1867, and by 1875 had produced over 1.5 million tons of iron ore.</p><br>
<h2>Decline and closure (1870s–present)</h2><br>
<p>After the 1870s, ore prices declined. The mine got a reprieve in 1905, when the Jackson Iron Company was purchased by the Cleveland-Cliffs Company. But, mine yields were still weak, and the Jackson produced no ore in 1908 and 1916. The Jackson Mine closed permanently in 1924, having produced over 4 million tons of ore since its opening in 1856.</p><br>
<p>By the time it closed, the Jackson Mine contained several working pits, as well as trial shafts, a forge, cross-cuts and drifts; some of the underground workings were close to the surface. In the 1950s, the Jackson Mine and portions of the surrounding town of Negaunee were closed due to fears of collapse from undermining. In recognition of the historical significance of the Jackson as the area&#39;s first iron mine, the site was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site in 1956 and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The mine and area around it were acquired by the city of Negaunee in 2003 and the danger from undermining re-evaluated. In 2006, much of "West Old Town Negaunee" and areas around the mine itself were re-opened to the public. The city developed a trail system through the area. The overgrown ruins of the early Jackson Mine pit mines can be seen from the trail system.</p><br>
<h2>Jackson Park</h2><br>
<p>South of the Jackson Mine site is Jackson Park. This recreational area is 5 acre located next to Business M-28 (County Road) southwest of downtown Negaunee. The park has a pair of tennis courts and four horseshoe courts. Before subsidence from mining activities, the park was 11.8 acre in size and offered campsites to visitors.</p><br>
<p>First United Methodist Church is located in downtown Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984 as First Methodist Episcopal Church, which is its original name.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was organized through a series of Bible Study meetings that were held in Rathburn Cabin in 1845. Early church services were also held in cabins in the early years. The first church building for the congregation was constructed in 1848 on Fifth Street, south of Walnut, and a larger brick structure was built on the same site in 1856. Four years later the congregation lost ownership of the building and had to rent the basement of the building for three years while the main sanctuary was used as a public hall for concerts, lectures and the like. Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church and First Church merged in 1880, leaving First as the only downtown Methodist congregation. The congregation dedicated a new church on Ninth Street in 1881.</p><br>
<p>By 1906 the congregation numbered a thousand members even after it had founded 11 other Methodist congregations in the city. The groundbreaking for the present church was begun in 1905, and the cornerstone was laid during a ceremony on July 21, 1906. The church building was dedicated on June 14, 1908. A major restoration of the building was completed in 1940 with a new chancel and altar, rose window, a new pew arrangement, and a renewal of the pipe organ. The education wing was built in 1954. A new Reuter organ was added in 1962-1963 as was the marble backdrop and the Celtic Cross. In 1980 a historical mural was dedicated in the west balcony. The dome and the sanctuary were renovated in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The congregation went through two name changes in its history. In 1939 it became First Methodist after the Methodist Episcopal Church, Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and the Methodist Protestant Church merged to form the Methodist Church. In 1968 another change to First United Methodist Church occurred when the Methodist Church merged with the Evangelical United Brethren Church.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The congregation hired the prominent Des Moines architectural firm of Proudfoot & Bird to design the present church. Because the estimated cost of $175,000 was too high, some of the decorative details of the planned church were not executed. The Neoclassical-style building features a symmetrical plan in monumental proportions, a large pedimented portico supported by Ionic columns, plain exterior surfaces of Bedford stone, and a Roman glass and copper dome that is capped by a Latin cross. The building&#39;s proportions are said to match those of the Pantheon in Rome.</p><br>
<h2>Pipe organ</h2><br>
<p>The church&#39;s pipe organ is Reuter Organ Company Opus 1412 installed in 1963. It is located in chambers on the sides of the sanctuary with no visible pipes. The instrument has a traditional style console in a fixed position, and it has a roll top. It features electro-pneumatic chests, three manuals, four divisions, 62 stops, 50 registers, 62 ranks, and 3,435 pipes. The manual compass is 61 notes, while the pedal compass is 32 notes. The drawknobs are in vertical rows on angled jambs. The balanced swell shoes/pedals are standard AGO placement. Rounding out the features are adjustable combination pistons, AGO Standard (concave radiating) pedalboard, reversible full organ/tutti thumb piston, reversible full organ/tutti toe stud, combination action toe studs, coupler reversible thumb pistons, and coupler reversible toe studs.</p><br>
<p>Stop list:</p><br>
<p>GREAT</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Sub Principal 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Principal 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Bourdon 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Octave 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Spillflöte 61</p><br>
<p>2&#39; Fifteenth 61</p><br>
<p>IV Fourniture 244</p><br>
<p>III Scharf 183</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Dulzian PO</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Trumpet 61</p><br>
<p>Unison off</p><br>
<p>Super</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Fanfare Trumpet 61 a</p><br>
<p>Chimes</p><br>
<p>POSITIV</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Copula 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Salicional 61 b</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Flauto Dolce 61 b</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Flute Celeste 54 b</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Principal 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Koppelflöte 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Cor de Nuit 61 b</p><br>
<p>2&#39; Principal 61</p><br>
<p>1⅓&#39; Larigot 61</p><br>
<p>1&#39; Sifflöte 61</p><br>
<p>III Cymbale 183</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Dulzian 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Krummhorn 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Baryton 61 b</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Regal 61</p><br>
<p>Tremolo</p><br>
<p>Unison Off</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Fanfare Trumpet tc</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Fanfare Trumpet GT</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Fanfare Trumpet GT</p><br>
<p>SWELL</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Sub Principal 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Principal 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Bourdon 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Octave 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Spillflöte 61</p><br>
<p>2&#39; Fifteenth 61</p><br>
<p>IV Fourniture 244</p><br>
<p>III Scharf 183</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Dulzian PO</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Trumpet 61</p><br>
<p>Unison off</p><br>
<p>Super</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Fanfare Trumpet 61 a</p><br>
<p>Chimes</p><br>
<p>PEDAL</p><br>
<p>32&#39; Acoustic Bourdon --</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Principal 32</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Bourdon 32</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Sub Principal GT</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Lieblichbordun SW</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Octave 32</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Gedeckt 32</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Sub Principal GT</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Flauto Dolce SW</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Choralbass 32</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Coppel 32</p><br>
<p>2&#39; Waldflöte 32</p><br>
<p>II Sesquialter 64</p><br>
<p>III Mixtur 96</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Bombarde 32</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Dulzian PO</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Bombarde 12</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Dulzian PO</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Schalmei 32</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Dulzian PO</p><br>
<h2>Charity work</h2><br>
<p>In 1992, First United Methodist Church joined with seven other churches in the Des Moines area and created the Churches United Shelter (now the Central Iowa Shelter), to combat homelessness in the area.</p><br>
<p>Trinity United Methodist Church is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998 as Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church, which is its previous name.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was organized as Prospect Park Methodist Episcopal Church when their first church building was constructed on the corner of Washington and Eighth Streets in 1887. It was named after the residential tract it was located in, in what was then the City of North Des Moines. The area and the church grew slower than expected so they changed their name to North Des Moines Methodist Episcopal Church in the hopes of growing their membership. It changed its name yet again to Trinity.</p><br>
<p>Trinity enlisted the architectural firm of Proudfoot, Bird and Rawson in 1910 to design the present church building. John Hinners of Pekin, Illinois built the 17-rank tracker pipe organ when the church building was being constructed in 1911.</p><br>
<p>Since 1968 Trinity has hosted, with the support of the Inner City Cooperative Parish, a breakfast program to feed children from the neighborhood, which had been suggested by the local Black Panthers. An evening meal has been served since 1987 in collaboration with Our City Kitchen. In 1992 Trinity became the first “Reconciling Congregation” of a United Methodist Church in Iowa, by which it serves all people regardless of sexual orientation. A prison van ministry brings family members of those incarcerated in Iowa’s prisons for visits. The Las Americas Comunidad de Fe, a Hispanic United Methodist Community, worships and studies at Trinity. The two congregations share a weekly bilingual service and a communal meal.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Trinity United Methodist Church is a Neoclassical style building built of brick. The interior features, a stained glass dome above the center of the sanctuary, a balcony that wraps around three sides of the sanctuary, and rose windows on the north and south elevations. Originally, the plaster walls were stenciled. The original pews are still in use.</p><br>
<p>Space for the pastor’s office, a kitchen and fellowship hall are located in the basement of the church, and an education wing was also built to the west. A stair hall separates the sanctuary from the education wing.</p><br>
<p>Trinity is somewhat unique when compared with Des Moines other churches. Along with First Christian Church on University Avenue, it generally covers the entirety of its site. Even the citys downtown churches have small lawns.</p><br>
<h2>Pipe organ</h2><br>
<p>The churchs pipe organ is one of the larger instruments built by Hinner. Because of its high degree of historical integrity, the pipe organ is a contributing object in the churchs historic designation. The organ features two manuals, three divisions, 18 stops, 17 registers, and 17 ranks. The manual compass is 61 notes, and the pedal compass is 30 notes. It has slider chests, mechanical action with pneumatic assist, and mechanical stop action. The organ has a traditional style console with an attached keydesk. Rounding out the features are drawknobs in horizontal rows on terraced/stepped jambs, and balanced swell shoes/pedals. The Combination Action is a fixed mechanical system. The organ has a concave radiating pedalboard.</p><br>
<p>Stop list:</p><br>
<p>GREAT (61 notes)</p><br>
<p>Open Diapason 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Melodia 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Viola dGamba 8</p><br>
<p>Dulciana 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Principal 4&#39;</p><br>
<p>Flute dAmour 4</p><br>
<p>Swell to Great</p><br>
<p>Swell Oct. to Great</p><br>
<p>SWELL (61 notes, enclosed)</p><br>
<p>Bourdon Bass 16&#39;</p><br>
<p>Bourdon Treble 16&#39;</p><br>
<p>Violin Diapason 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Stopped Diapason 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Salicional 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Aeoline 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Voix Celeste 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Flute Harmonic 4&#39;</p><br>
<p>Flageolet 2&#39;</p><br>
<p>Oboe 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Tremolo</p><br>
<p>PEDAL (30 notes)</p><br>
<p>Sub Bass 16&#39;</p><br>
<p>Bourdon 16&#39;</p><br>
<p>Great to Pedal</p><br>
<p>Swell to Pedal</p><br>
<p>Burns United Methodist Church is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Its pervious building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was established in 1866 as the Black Methodist Episcopal Church. The church was eventually named for Francis Burns, the first black bishop of Methodist Episcopal Church. They first worshiped in a segregated school building for black children. That was the first of six different locations the congregation called home until they bought this building from the German Emmanual Methodist congregation in 1930. The congregation sponsored a variety of funraising events to raise the money to buy the building, including dinners and a singing quartet of church members who toured the state. A fire damaged the building in the 1940s, and the congregation repaired the damages conforming to the building&#39;s original design.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The German Methodist congregation built the historic building in 1912. It was designed by the Des Moines architectural firm of Wetherell and Gage. The single-story brick building was built on a raised basement. The sanctuary is on the east side of the building and the pastor&#39;s study and classrooms are located on the west side. The two sides sit at right angles to each other with a small, gable-roofed entrance with a parapet set into the angle of the two sections. Most of the windows on the main floor are Tudor arches with brick hoods. The exception is the large Gothic arch window in the sanctuary. There is also half-timberwork on the west elevation.</p><br>
<p>The Corra White Harris House, Study, and Chapel, also known as In the Valley, is a hilltop complex located in Rydal, Georgia. with</p><br>
<p>It was home of Corra White Harris, a writer made famous by her 1910 book A Circuit Riders Wife, which eventually became the 1951 film Id Climb the Highest Mountain. She purchased the property in 1913 and died in 1935.</p><br>
<p>In 1916, she wrote, published in The Independent 87, pp. 123–124. She wrote about it in numerous other pieces, including in the follow articles with "Valley" in their titles:</p><br>
<p>(1914). The Independent 77, pp. 97–99.</p><br>
<p>(1914). The Independent 79, pp. 63–65.</p><br>
<p>(1915). The Independent 81, pp. 190–192.</p><br>
<p>(1916). The Independent 87, pp. 135–136.</p><br>
<p>(1917). The Independent 91, p. 471.</p><br>
<p>The center part of the house was reportedly built 1830 by Pine Log, a Cherokee chieftain.</p><br>
<p>The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. A 57 acre area is listed with five contributing buildings and one other contributing structure.</p><br>
<p>The Ethel Wilson Harris House is a house built in 1956 located in what is now the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, outside the perimeter walls of the Mission San Jose, in San Antonio, Texas, USA. It is a Modern Movement or Wrightian architecture style house built in 1956, designed by Robert Harris.</p><br>
<p>The house was documented in the Historic American Buildings Survey and is listed in the NRHP for its architecture.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story frame, stone and concrete house, approximately 2,000 ft&sup2; in area, that is quite like a Usonian house.</p><br>
<p>It was a home of artist and conservationist Ethel Wilson Harris. Harris was a supervisor of Arts & Crafts projects for the Works Progress Administration in San Antonio. Two of her tile murals are on the San Antonio River Walk.</p><br>
<p>The Hachita Valley, , hachita, little hatchet; Little Hatchet Valley), is a small valley in southwest New Mexico. The valley is in the east of the New Mexico Bootheel region and borders Chihuahua state, Mexico. Hachita, New Mexico lies in the valley&#39;s northeast, where New Mexico State Road 9 traverses east-west across much of southern New Mexico. The large, and extensive north-south Playas Valley borders to the west on the other side of the west perimeter mountain ranges.</p><br>
<p>The Hachita Valley lies in the northwest of the Chihuahuan Desert, with the southeast of the valley draining southeast into desert regions of northern Chihuahua. The Hachita Valley is created because of the three surrounding mountainous regions; the north is more bajada-like, and extends north to foothills of higher elevation mountain regions, transitioning to the Continental Divide of the Americas.</p><br>
<p>The valley is located in Hidalgo County, but the extreme north drains from north of Hachita in south Grant County.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Hachita Valley is a north-south valley in its north region of about 20 mi in length; the south turns abruptly southeastwards for 15 mi to exit into the Chihuahuan Desert lower elevations in northern Chihuahua. The Apache Hills are the large section of the hills in the east and northeast causing the valleys curvature. A major central wash follows the valleys southeast; the north has no major wash, and instead drainages are towards a central bajada landform region. The northern bajada extends north past Hachita, NM on the east and Old Hachita, NM on the west.</p><br>
<p>The southeasterly excursion of the valley is caused by the bordering Big Hatchet Mountains on the southwest, which trend southeast; the valley narrows here, between the Apache Hills northeast, to between 5 and 7 mi wide. In the northwest where the valley widens, the Little Hatchet Mountains lie on the west perimeter. The site of Old Hachita is on the Little Burro&#39;s northeast; Playas, NM lies on the northwest.</p><br>
<p>Twelvemile Wells is near the valley&#39;s center, and is just north of where the southeast valley excursion starts, near the beginning of the southeast washes. In the northeast of the Big Hatchet Mountains, bordering the southwest valley lies the Big Hatchet Mountains Wilderness Study Area.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>New Mexico State Road 8 traverses the north section of the valley from Hachita, and goes southwest to the Playas Valley through Hachita Gap, between the Little and Big Hatchet Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The William Harris Family Farmstead, also known as William Harris Homestead, in Campton, Georgia dates from 1825. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP listing was for a 367 acre property that included a residential dwelling, agricultural outbuildings, agricultural fields, and secondary structure(s). Specifically seven contributing buildings and eight contributing sites are included.</p><br>
<p>It is listed for architectural criteria.</p><br>
<p>The William Harris Homestead webpage describes it as being located in Monroe, Georgia, but its location appears to be about one mile north of the small community of Campton. Monroe is a larger town about five miles further south of Campton.</p><br>
<p>There is a Harris Cemetery on GA 11 on the property.</p><br>
<p>The William Harris Homestead Foundation, a charitable 501(c)3 organization, manages the property and conducts public tours and events including school field trips.</p><br>
<p>The Alden Bryan House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The residence has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The provenance of this house is not entirely clear as addresses in the city directory of this time period are unclear. It is possible that Alden Bryan built the house in 1870. He worked for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad, and intermittently, as a farmer. Herman Balschmitter bought this property in 1876 and he too could have built the house. He also could have lived in an adjacent house. Balschmitter worked as a tailor and a photographer.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Bryan House is a vernacular, Greek Revival style structure also known as the McClelland or German house type. They are found throughout the older sections of Davenport. It is somewhat unusual, however, because it retains its original clapboards, window details, porch posts and brackets.</p><br>
<p>The Anthony Burdick House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>City directories attribute this house to Anthony Burdick who had it built in 1880. Burdick settled in Davenport in 1869 and was engaged in several commercial and financial ventures. Notable among these activities was president of First National Bank for 25 years and his ownership of a wholesale jobbing firm, Smith Brothers & Burdick. He was also the president of a local financial firm of the Davenport Clearinghouse Association.</p><br>
<p>The attribution of this house to Burdick is not absolute. Oszuscik in 1979 referred to it as the Shields House and dates it to 1870. Given that there are similarities between this house and the F.H. Miller House (1871) on Brady Street puts that within the realm of possibility. Willet Carroll, however, designed both of these houses so their similarities may be attributed to only that. Carroll was one of the first professional architects working in Davenport.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Anthony Burdick House combines the rectilinearity of the Italianate style and the mansard roof of the Second Empire style. A noteworthy feature is the entrance bay, which is recessed rather than flush or projecting from the main façade. It also features numerous window sizes and shapes. The two-story house follows a rectangular plan and there is a gabled-roofed wing off of the back. There is a modillion cornice at the roof deck and a bracketed and molded frieze. Keystones decorate the tops of the windows and there is brick quoining on the corners. There have been several alterations made to this house. The central tower has been removed and an addition was added to the south side of the structure. The original dormers have been replaced as have the polychrome shingles. The house sits on a raised lot that slopes toward the south.</p><br>
<p>The Ball–Waterman House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It is believed that J. W. Ball built this house in 1880. It was purchased in 1893 by C. M. Waterman who was a circuit court judge at the time. In 1898, he became an associate justice on the Iowa Supreme Court. Waterman joined the prominent local law firm of Lane & Waterman in 1902. The Waterman&#39;s continued to live here until the 1920s.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The 2½-story frame house rests on a masonry foundation. It follows an irregular plan with a multi-gabled roof and a tower. These features are typical of the Queen Anne style. Iron roof crestings are found on the tower and across the peak of the roof. Another feature of interest is the polygonal bay window that sits below an overhanging gabled pavilion. A full veranda with stone pedestals covers the front of the house. The half-timbered gable ends and the arches on the veranda are typical of the Tudor Revival style that became popular in Davenport in the 1890s. It is believed that the Waterman&#39;s added these features after they bought the house. What is unusual here is that when a Queen Anne house was updated in Davenport it was typical that features found in the Neoclassical style were used and not those from other styles.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Grilk House is a historic building located in the central part of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed by the Davenport architectural firm of Temple, Burrows & McLane, and is an example of one their more modest designs. It is a reminder that architects also designed houses for people with smaller budgets as well as those who are wealthy and build larger homes. The dwelling was featured in the February 1907 edition of Architectural Review as a "Plaster House." The house was built in 1906 for Charles Grilk and has a history of brief and complicated residency and occupancy patterns.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is a modified Dutch Colonial Revival Bungalow with an American Craftsman aesthetic in its use of materials and the self-contained efficiency of its plan. The 1½-story, frame house, follows a rectangular plan. It features a narrow, molded cornice; side-gambrel roof; and two dormers on the front. The main entrance into the house is flanked by sidelights and covered by a flared eave. There is a polygonal-bay next to the main entry.</p><br>
<p>Clifton is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The residence was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It was included as a contributing property in the Riverview Terrace Historic District that was listed on the National Register in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was constructed for J.M.D. Burrows. He was an early settler to Davenport having arrived in the town c. 1838. In 1844 he established a wholesale company, Burrows and Prettyman. They did business along the Upper Mississippi River and west to the Missouri River in Iowa and Nebraska. They also made significant profits from their contracts with the USA Government supplying Fort Snelling and Fort Crawford along the Mississippi. He lost his firm in the Financial Panic of 1857. Burrows mortgaged the house to Antoine LeClaire to pay off his debts. He was never able to regain the title to the house and it eventually went to the descendants of George Davenport. Both Davenport and LeClaire founded the city of Davenport and developed it in its earliest decades. In 1905 the house was sold to John Winters, who converted it into apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is typical of the Italianate style in Davenport in that it also included elements of the Greek Revival style found especially at the main entrance. It is a two-story, nearly square Italianate palazzo. It features a large square cupola on the center of the hipped roof. The cupola has five narrow, round-arch windows on each side.</p><br>
<p>The two show fronts are five bays wide. The garden front on the south has a pedimented tetrastyle portico. The wall brackets on the cornice continue onto the portico. The columns that hold up the portico follow the Renaissance Ionic order after Vincenzo Scamozzi. The columns rest on paneled pedestals. Between them is a cast concrete balustrade that was extended in the early 20th-century in a semi-circular fashion beyond the portico. The north front of the house has a one-story porch that covers the middle three bays. At one time it stretched the entire length of the house.</p><br>
<p>When the house was built there were single story, two-bay wings on the east and west sides. They stopped short of the main wall on the south front and ended in short recessed porches. Sometime after 1905 the porches were eliminated and a second floor was added to both wings when the house was converted into apartments.</p><br>
<p>The Collins House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1976</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Miles Augustus Collins was born in Albany, New York on September 1, 1832. When he was four years old his family moved to a farm near Blanford, Massachusetts where he was raised. He remained there until 1854 when he moved to Scott County, Iowa where he joined his father as a carpenter. After a year he started farming and started the first cheese factory in the county. He owned several farms and became quite adept at real estate. He moved to his final farm in 1860. On June 15, 1870 he married Amy Wilson, who was a widow. Together they raised six children. He died in his home on June 5, 1908.</p><br>
<p>The Collins family continued to own the house until 1963 when it was sold to the Davenport Park Board for their use. They had a stipulation that the remaining sisters could live in the house rent free until their deaths. Beginning in 1977 the Davenport Parks and Recreation Department in a joint venture with the Center for Active Seniors, Inc. (CASI) used the house as a senior center. Over the years it has also housed a senior activity center, a place with recreational programming for special needs people, and as a summer youth activities center.</p><br>
<p>On May 2, 2015 the house opened as the Southeast Iowa Senior Information Hub, a resource center for senior citizens and their families. Information that the center provides includes "health care, Social Security, transportation, finances and senior housing that ranges from private to assisted living." They also provide monthly programs centered on the concerns of seniors. The Davenport Parks and Recreation Department, volunteers and in-kind donations from local businesses renovated the house and brought it up to the standards required by the Americans with Disabilities Act.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house was originally a three-bay, square structure. Several additions were made to the structure over the years. The pantry, kitchen, and dining room were added to the back of the house in 1870. The full porch was added to the front of the house in 1908, and the sleeping porch was added to the west side in 1916. The two-story frame structure is essentially Classical Revival in style. It features Greek Revival derivative window hoods and a latticework belvedere on top of the hipped roof. The house is situated on the edge of Garfield Park along the Duck Creek Parkway. A handicap ramp and a new porch were added to the rear of the house when it was renovated into a senior resource center.</p><br>
<p>The Cottage at 1514 and 1516 West Second Street is a historic building located in a residential-light industrial area of the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. Philippe Oszuscik in his 1979 study of Davenport architecture identified this small cottage as one of the earliest house types in the city. It features a full size front porch that was taken from the Galerie of Mississippi Valley French tradition and a symmetrical, 5-bay main facade that reflects the Georgian and Greek Revival styles. The present porch, however, is not original to the house. The side gable, single-story frame house is built on a stone foundation and has an extension off of the back. The cottage was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Dils–Downer House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The Shingle Style Bungalow has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1898 by Thomas M. Dils, who was a local contractor and builder. He died in 1902 and his wife sold the house to Harry and Alice Downer. He worked as a school teacher and principal before he became a settlement house worker. He is most noteworthy for his two-volume historical work, History of Davenport and Scott County, Iowa. He resided in this house when he prepared and published the work in 1910.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The 1½-story structure is a side-gable Craftsman cottage with a long side wing. It features two dormers built in the Shingle Style. Many of the windows also feature diamond-shaped lights.</p><br>
<p>The Fred Finch House is a historic building located on the hill above downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fred Finch was the Davenport and Scott County Assessor at the time this house was built from 1904 to 1905. Previously he had been with the Farmers and Merchants Savings Bank. Finch and his wife Anna lived on the northern side of this double house and her parents lived on the southern side. The family continued to own and live in the house until 1957 when it was sold to St. Anthony&#39;s Catholic Church downtown for use as a convent.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Davenport architect Dietrich J. Harfst designed this two-story house in the Georgian Revival style. It sits high above Main Street as it climbs the bluff above the downtown area. It is also one of the few of Harfst&#39;s projects to remain in Davenport, which is primarily why it is significant. Otherwise, it is a fairly typical hipped box style house. It features a front porch with paired columns and corner piers. At one time a balustrade lined the roof of the porch.</p><br>
<p>The George Copeland House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The residence has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural Significance</h2><br>
<p>The George Copeland House is an unusual version of the two-story, three bay, front gable form that is found throughout the older areas of Davenport, Iowa. Its chief distinction is the way in which the exterior wall panels are "recessed" through application of corner piers and also how this method of construction is used to create a "pediment" in the front gable end. The result is a stylized, almost abstract, impression of the temple form Greek Revival. This articulation of exterior walls into panels was a common feature of 19th-century industrial structures in Davenport but extremely unusual in the area of domestic building.</p><br>
<h2>Historical Data</h2><br>
<p>George E. Copeland resided in this house beginning in 1888, although the house appears to have been built somewhat earlier. Copeland was a member of the Davenport Academy of Sciences.</p><br>
<p>Copeland was born in Middlebury, Vermont on May 28, 1857. In his early career, he was in the railroad industry and with the Internal Revenue Service. In 1884 he formed Copeland & Post which grew into a large life insurance practice with The Equitable of New York. Copeland & Post covered a large part of Illinois. He then worked as a general agent for the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company in Davenport from January 1, 1886 to May 1, 1893.</p><br>
<p>In 1893 Copeland went to Northwestern headquarters in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. September 1, 1894, he became second assistant superintendent of agencies and then on January 9, 1903, was promoted to assistant superintendent of agencies. On June 13, 1916, he was elected superintendent.</p><br>
<p>George E. Copeland died in 1927.</p><br>
<p>Today, the George Copeland House sits on the southeast corner of College Avenue and 10th Street near the Village of East Davenport. According to the 1892 Sanborn insurance map, today&#39;s 10th Street was previously 3rd Avenue. The Copeland House is in the Mount Ida historic area, part of the larger Bridge to Ridge historic area of Davenport.</p><br>
<p>The Isaac Glaspell House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. Isaac Glaspell was a local grocer in the 1870s and 1880s and had this Greek Revival house built during that time. It is a two-story structure that features a front gable, three bay façade, with a single bay side wing. The exterior is composed of brick with stone and wood trims. The house is a vernacular form of the Greek Revival style found in Davenport. The notable details on this house are the bracketed eaves and the flat arch window heads that are topped by keystone brick hoods. The porch is a later addition from around the turn of the 20th-century and it may have replaced an earlier porch. The house sits on a raised lot. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Israel Hall House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. By the time this house was built, Israel Hall had retired and was serving as the secretary-treasurer of the Oakdale Cemetery Corporation. He may have used it as a boarding house as well. The two-story brick house is a late example of the Greek Revival style. The side gable is influenced by the Georgian Revival as opposed to the temple front that is more typical of the Greek Revival. The round-arch window in the attic is typical feature found in Davenport residential architecture in this era. An addition to the back of the house was built around 1895. The house features a gabled roof, while the addition featured a hipped roof. The single bay porch on the front of the house replaced a full sized porch that was also not original, but replaced the original single-bay porch. The house rests on a raised lot and is set back from the street level. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<p>The James Cawley House is a historic house located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. James Cawley was a bricklayer who had this house built in 1876. His wife continued to live here into the 1890s after his death. The house follows a popular Vernacular style of architecture from the mid to late 19th-century Davenport known as the McClelland style. The unusual feature of this house in comparison to other examples in the city is the bank construction that allows for a walk-in basement on the front of the house. It is also one of the few McClelland style houses found in the Fulton Addition. Otherwise, the two-story brick house features a three-bay front-gabled form and rectangular shape, both elements typical of the style. The large porch on the front is not original to the house.</p><br>
<p>The residence was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The John R. Boyle House was a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and has subsequently been torn down.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John R. Boyle was a railroad contractor who built sections of the Mississippi and Missouri Railroad, which became part of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. He also worked on the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad. He built this house not far from the railroad tracks in 1865-1866, shortly after moving to Davenport. Boyle moved to a farm north of the city in 1877. He died in 1895.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Boyle House was typical of Davenport&#39;s Italianate houses while at the same time it made its own personal architectural statement. The two-story brick structure was built on a stone foundation. It featured a square form, a shallow roof, and bracketed eaves. The door and window treatments were what made this a unique dwelling. Here it featured segmental and Tudor arches along with openings with chamfered corners. There was a small projecting bay on the west side of the house with flat arches. It also had a front porch that had been removed at some point.</p><br>
<p>The John W. Ballard House is a historic building located in central Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John W. Ballard began living here in 1884, so he was probably not the person who had the house built. Ballard and his cousin, E.S. Ballord were partners in a pharmacy named E.S. Ballord & Co. In 1903 E.S. retired and John Ballard and his son continued the business as Ballard Drug & Dental Co.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1871, the home is one of the oldest surviving buildings in Davenport&#39;s upper Main Street area—if not the oldest. A Greek Revival Victorian design with turn-of-the-century neoclassical modifications, the house was reportedly "the most commanding structure in the neighborhood" at the time of construction. The main façade of the house faces a large yard to the south. It originally featured a single-story projecting window bay beside the main entrance. Sometime between 1892 and 1910 a two-story semi-circular bay and a porch that followed the bay was added. The two-story house is composed of brick and sits on a stone foundation. The addition is composed of wood construction.</p><br>
<p>The Marie Clare Dessaint House is a historic building located on the northwest side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The residence has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Marie Clare Dessaint had this built on the 143 acre property that she owned along what was then known as Allens Grove Road. The Dessaint family was engaged in the lumber milling business in Davenport. After Dessaint the house passed to several other people, including Peter Kerker who owned the property from around 1871 to 1890. Simon Seng bought it in 1905 and they have owned it ever since. The house remains on an open lot in a semi-rural part of the city, but newer residential development has been built close by.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is considered one of the finest examples of the Italian Villa style in Davenport. The two-story, frame house follows a gable-roofed L-plan. A three-stage entrance tower rises from the angle. The house features large paired rolled brackets and architrave molding ornamentation on the broad cornice. The windows in the south wing of the house are flanked by recessed panels, which contain shutters that are flush with the wall surface. The front gable contains two small round-arched windows. The third stage of the tower has three round-arched windows on all four sides. The rectangular windows are topped with molded cornices. There is a 1½-story, gable-roofed, kitchen wing attached to the back of the house. The front porch and stoop are not original to the house.</p><br>
<p>The Theodore Eldridge House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Theodore Eldridge was a cousin of early Davenport settler and land speculator D.C. Eldridge. Theodore operated a restaurant and confectionery downtown where he lived upstairs until moving here in 1878.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Theodore Eldridge house is one of several Italianate style houses in Davenport that follow the Villa form of the style. It combines the rectangular shape and hipped roof of the basic style with a Villa-style tower. The most unusual feature of this house is its bowed front wall. It suggests the work of one of Davenport&#39;s first professional architects Willet Carroll.</p><br>
<p>The Walker Adams House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Walker Adams was a partner in a cooperage before he became a wholesaler of shingles and staves. Adams and his family lived on this property since 1868. This is probably the second house located here as the exterior features suggest a later date. After Walker&#39;s death, his wife Mary continued to live in the house into the 1890s.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>There are a number of Italianate houses such as this one in the Fulton Addition to the city of Davenport. Its vertical proportions and the millwork decoration on the eaves represents the post-Civil War expression of the style. The two-story brick house features a hipped roof, a three-bay front and an entrance that is left of center. The veranda on the south side has subsequently been enclosed. The porches have fluted posts with entablature. A bracketed cornice is just below the roofline. It also features a single molding strip at the base of the frieze that was a popular detail in mid-19th century Davenport.</p><br>
<p>The William V. Carr House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was built by William Carr who served as Assistant Street Commissioner, laborer, police officer, and dyer. His house is a noteworthy example of residential architecture from the time of the American Civil War. The main façade of the house has numerous architectural features. There is a projecting front piece with a round-arch entrance and two round-arch windows on the second floor. The main entrance is flanked by side bays that feature two windows with segmental heads. Above the window pairs and above the porch are recessed panels. The ends of the frontispiece and the main block of the house itself feature rusticated quoins. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Perry Nelson House is a historic farmhouse in Dodge County, Minnesota; located in Concord Township, it is approximately 6 mi from West Concord, Minnesota. The private home was placed on the National Register of Historic Places  on April 16, 1982. The house is considered significant for its distinctive scale among rural housing stock in the area, as well as its representation of both the agricultural development of the county and the Yankee heritage of the surrounding area.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>Designed in the Italianate style, the house consists of a long rectangle with a short wing on the south side (front) with a low hip roof. The roof and cornice extend east from the wing to form a porch area. The structure is constructed of random-range ashlar stone with margin draft on the west, south and east facades, and rock-faced ashlar on the north facade.</p><br>
<p>The three finished facades have bracketed eaves extending around them, and plain eaves on the north facade. The buildings fenestration consists of six-over-six double-hung sash windows in rectangular openings with heavy lintels. A long wood and stone wing extends to the north. In the 1950s, the buildings interior was totally remodeled and minor alterations were made to the exterior, including changes to the front porch and the addition of wood shutters. The original design had an outdoor staircase leading to the second floor of the house above the current front porch.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Perry Nelson came to Minnesota in 1861. A farmer from New York, he reflected the Yankee heritage of the surrounding area: Virtually every farmer in the township originated from New York, New England, or Pennsylvania. The township, as well as the town of West Concord, were named after Concord, New Hampshire.</p><br>
<p>Nelson had the house built in the early 1870s, and it was noted in the Atlas of Minnesota published in 1874. A successful large scale farmer, he was reported to have shipped an average of two wagonloads of wheat to market every day from early fall until late spring. Nelson turned the house into a popular gathering spot for farmers and politicians that it was for a time dubbed the "House of Politics." He had carpenters build an outdoor staircase to the second floor to provide easy access so county politicians and farmers could meet in the upstairs rooms to discuss issues of the day. In addition, delegations of farmers would assemble to discuss upcoming prices and other problems they would face. The farmers would often be joined by their wives, which would add to the communal nature of the home.</p><br>
<p>Nelson moved to nearby Kasson and willed the house and a section of land to a niece who lived in Wisconsin. Though it remained in the family&#39;s ownership for many years, it was rented to tenants and suffered from neglect. By the time the house and farm were purchased by Walter and Ruth Buehler in 1950, it still lacked modern plumbing and heating equipment. After purchasing the property, the Buehlers spend two years and an estimated $40,000 restoring and renovating the property.</p><br>
<p>The Anglican Church of St Mary stands on Knap Hill in Nempnett Thrubwell, Somerset, England dates from the 15th century, but was built on the site of an earlier Norman church.</p><br>
<p>Before the dissolution of the monasteries the parish belonged to Flaxley Abbey in Gloucestershire. In 1537 the land and manor were granted to Sir William Kingston. The parish register lists christenings, marriages and burials from 1568.</p><br>
<p>The three stage tower, which contains five bells, has set back buttresses and two arch bell openings with tracery. The tower is crowned by a parapet with blank arcading, and square pinnacles, it also has a slightly higher stair turret. The nave was restored at a cost of £700 in 1864.</p><br>
<p>The base of a 15th-century cross in the churchyard is listed Grade II.</p><br>
<p>Wade and Wade in their 1929 book "Somerset" described it as "a small building with a Perp. W. tower, from the W. face of which project two curious and uncanny carved heads of a man and beast. The walls of the nave still bear the original 13th cent. consecration crosses. The chancel is modern, and contains a rich modern screen and a good E. window of Munich glass. Note (1) rude Norm. S. doorway filled with Perp. tracery; (2) Norm. font carved with a curious device by some later craftsman. Near the porch in the churchyard is (1) base of ancient cross; (2) tomb of first rector — Robert — bearing an incised cross".</p><br>
<p>Joachim Staats House and Gerrit Staats Ruin is a national historic district located on Papscanee Island near Castleton-on-Hudson in Rensselaer County, New York. It consists of one contributing building and two contributing sites. The Joachim Staats House is a private residence consisting of a two story, rectangular stone building built about 1700, with a brick addition built about 1790 and a wood addition completed about 1880. The surrounding land includes the site of a former sloop landing, a small family cemetery, and the site of the Gerrit Staats house. The Gerrit Staats house was built in 1758 and destroyed by fire in 1973. There are no visible ruins on the property.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>City Theatre is a professional theatre company located in Pittsburghs South Side. It specializes in productions of new plays and has commissioned new works by playwrights on the national theatre scene, including Christopher Durang, Adam Rapp, and Jeffrey Hatcher. Established in 1975 as the City Players under the direction of Marjorie Walker, it was originally composed mainly of Carnegie Mellon graduates and was part of Pittsburghs Department of Parks and Recreation, performing at schools, parks, and housing projects. Initially the group shared their performance space in the North Side&#39;s Allegheny Center with Pittsburgh Public Theater. In 1979, the group was offered a residency at the University of Pittsburgh and renamed itself City Theatre. “Homeless” for a brief period of time, the University of Pittsburgh theatre department offered to shelter the theater company in 1980. Attilo Favorini, head of the department, thought that, “The City Theater offered us the opportunity for Pitt’s students to work a professional company.” In addition to receiving a new troupe of professional actors, funding of the CETA enabled the expansion of the company and the creation of the Three Rivers Shakespeare Festival in the summer of 1980. In 1981, under the artistic direction of Marc Masterson, the company moved to a new performance space on Bouquet Street in Oakland. The company again moved to a new performance space at the former Bingham United Methodist Church in the South Side in 1991, where in addition to its own season it acted as a host space for the earliest productions of the Pittsburgh New Works Festival. Marc Masterson became artistic director of Actors Theatre of Louisville in Kentucky, and Tracy Brigden became artistic director in 2001.</p><br>
<p>In addition to its mainstage season, City Theatre offers educational outreach programs such as the Young Playwrights Festival, in which selected submitted plays by students in middle school and high school are given professional productions, and City Theatre Playmakers, which provides opportunities for Pittsburgh youth to write radio dramas that are fully produced and broadcast.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church located in Portsmouth, Virginia, United States. It is a compact Gothic Revival style, cruciform plan church. It is constructed of load-bearing masonry walls clad in quarry-faced granite. The church was designed by John Peebles  in 1897, and dedicated in 1905. It is the fifth church on the site. Also on the property is a contributing rectory constructed in 1913.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. It is located in the Downtown Portsmouth Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Yearly, the choir director and organ player, Nick Nespoli, who is also the chorus instructor of Western Branch High School, has his students from school perform at the church around Christmas. This concert is a free event, and the music performed ranges from secular to religious music. The main pieces performed are selections from the Messiah, by Handel, or the Gloria RV 589 by Vivaldi.</p><br>
<p>The Robert Henne House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. This Greek Revival style residence was built for Robert and Henrietta Henne in 1874. He operated the cigar stand in the post office. She continued the business after his death in 1885. The house followed a popular 19th-century style in Davenport that has some unique features. The gable-end oculus is located on the side of the house as opposed to the front. On the front are a pair of round-arch windows. The windows that face the front of the house feature keystone window heads that drop to small molded corner blocks and are flush to the brick. Molded panels are found on the porch frieze and on the soffits and reveals on the main entrance. The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<p>The William Holbrook House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. William Holbrook was a furniture and carpeting dealer. He was the first person to occupy this house. The 2½-story house features an irregular plan with several projecting pavilions, hipped roof and the corner tower are typical of the Queen Anne style. What sets this house apart in Davenport is the exterior embellishments found in the clapboard siding, the millwork on the porch, and shingling typical of the Shingle Style. While these are not unusual in the Queen Anne style many have been re-sided in subsequent years, which makes this one stand out. The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<p>Razor  is a pyramidal mountain in the Julian Alps and the sixth-highest mountain in Slovenia. First ascended by Otto Sendtner in 1842, it is now frequently ascended, with numerous mountain huts available for climbers.</p><br>
<h2>Location and description</h2><br>
<p>Razor is part of the Julian Alps in Slovenia, and is bordered by the Luknja and Vršič passes to the east and west, and the Krnica and Trenta valleys to the north and south. Together with its neighbouring mountain Prisojnik, it serves to connect Triglav and Jalovec. It is included in Triglav National Park and is administratively part of Kranjska Gora.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is located in a limestone karst region, with the Križ Plateau (Kriški podi) below it being a typical example. The area has been heavily shaped by erosion, caused by glaciation, rivers, and precipitation; as a result, it has many caves, sinkholes, and limestone pavements.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Razor is snow-covered from November to early June.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>Razor was first ascended in 1842 by botanist Otto Sendtner. Since then, numerous mountaineers have ascended the mountain. The more challenging routes are located on the mountain&#39;s northern and western faces (1,200 and high respectively) and have via ferrata sections, while the southern and eastern (600 m) faces are considered non-technical ascents. The most common routes are from the west, south, and east.</p><br>
<p>Although Razor can be ascended year-round, its ascent is easier between mid June to October. At other times, the snowy conditions call for specialized equipment. There are six mountain huts on Razor, at heights ranging from 1015 to 2050 m. The main hut is the Pogačnik Lodge on the Križ Plateau (Pogačnikov dom na Kriških podih), standing on its southern side. The climber and writer Julius Kugy gave Razor the nickname "The Royal of the Julian Alps".</p><br>
<p>The House at 2212 W. River Drive is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. This small house is one of the few buildings from the city&#39;s earliest decades to remain in existence. The original portion of the house on the east side is constructed of local limestone, which was available in abundance in the years before industrialization made other building materials available. It was built in the vernicle style, which was popular in Davenport until the years immediately prior to the American Civil War. The area where the house is located was west of the city limits when it was built. It became a popular recreation area with the development of Suburban Island, now known as Credit Island, which is immediately to the south. The residence has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Cameron County Courthouse is an historic building located at 1150 East Madison Street in Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas. It was designed by architect Atlee B. Ayres in the Classical Revival style of architecture. Built between 1912 and 1914 by Gross Construction Company as the second court house of Cameron County, it served as such until 1914 when the 1979 courthouse was completed in the 900 block of East Harrison Street. Its relatively plain exterior belies the grandeur of the art glass dome above its central rotunda. On September 27, 1980, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Between 1994 and 2006, the building was completely renovated at a cost of over $17 million. It was rededicated on October 17, 2006. Sometimes called the Dancy Building in honor of County Judge Oscar Cromwell Dancy, who championed its construction in 1912, it now houses the Cameron County Court at Law No. 1 as well as county offices.</p><br>
<p>The building also housed offices and a low-income clinic during the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The George Klindt House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>George Klindt became a partner in the Mengel & Klindt Brewery in 1891. He succeeded his father Henry who had partnered with George Mengel in 1876. Davenports breweries merged in 1894 and became the Davenport Malting Company. George Klindt became the new companys secretary-treasurer. Built from 1894 to 1895, this house was the third of three houses built on Marquette Street for the partners of the brewery. George Mengels house was at 826 and Henry Klindts house was at 834.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The George Klindt House is a two-story structure that follows a square plan with a corner wing on the back of the house. It features a Mansard roof and pedimented dormers, which are typical of the Second Empire style. The enclosed porch and sedimented pediment on the front indicates that this house is from a later date of the style. The house is located on a high hill above the street. There is a large carriage house/garage with a gambrel roof behind the house.</p><br>
<p>The Carp River Forge is an abandoned iron forge located along the Carp River on the grounds of the Michigan Iron Industry Museum, at 73 Forge Road near Negaunee, Michigan. It was the first forge constructed in northern Michigan; the site was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1956 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It is also known as the Jackson Iron Company Site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the winter of 1846/47, the Jackson Mine company gathered materiel to begin its mining operations and to build a forge. Construction on the forge, supervised by William McNair, was begun in 1847 at a site on the Carp River, a few miles from the then-new Jackson Mine. The forge site consisted of an 18 ft dam across the Carp, with a waterwheel supplying power, eight fires, and a forging hammer.</p><br>
<p>A small settlement, known as "the Jackson Location" grew up around the forge. The site was large enough to be assigned its own post office, the Carp River PO, in 1847.</p><br>
<p>Construction continued until early 1848, and the first iron was made on February 10, 1848, by forgemaster Ariel N. Barney. These first pieces were sold to construct a steamer. However, in March, a wave of snowmelt carried away the dam on the river, and the forge remained idle until repairs were made in the summer.</p><br>
<p>The Carp River forge proved to be financially unprofitable, due in large part to the difficulties of transporting both iron ore and forge supplies to the forge site, and, as Mining Magazine dryly put it, "both from the want and excess of water as a driving power." The daily output from the forge was about three tons when it was working smoothly, which was rarely. The Jackson Mining Company operated the forge sporadically, and only until 1850. The Carp River post office closed in 1851. After that, the company leased the facilities to a succession of individuals and small companies, including a young Peter White, who would go on to become one of Marquette&#39;s most prominent citizens. All the lessees lost money, and the forge was closed for good and abandoned in 1854, having made "little iron and no money."</p><br>
<p>The Moran Building is an historic Second Empire style building, located at 501-509 G Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 for its architecture. The building was then vacant.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1889 by local builder J.E. Moran. Its NRHP nomination describes it as "a distinctive commercial office building designed with exceptional verve in the Second Empire style and it is one of the last remaining commercial office buildings in that style in Washington. This small vernacular building architecturally expresses the prevading spirit of expansive optimism in both Washington and the Nation in the 1880 &#39;s."</p><br>
<p>It served historically as a meeting hall, as a restaurant, as a specialty store, and as a business.</p><br>
<p>Thompson Peak is a mountain  in Trinity County, California. It is the highest peak in the Trinity Alps Wilderness. It is the highest point in a ridge that also features Wedding Cake, another well-known Trinity Alps peak. Thompson Peak is the highest Peak in the Trinity Alps Wilderness, a vast assemblage of craggy granite mountains in northwestern California . Thompson Peak is the second highest mountain in Northern California west of the Cascades, after 9027 foot; Mount Eddy.</p><br>
<p>(Quote from Per SP member Ed Cooper) "It is incorrect to say that there is no longer glacial activity in the area. The Thompson Glacier lies below the North Face of Thompson Peak. Late in the season, when most of the winter snow has melted, the crevasses and ice of this glacier are exposed. There is another smaller body of snow/ice to the right of the Thompson Glacier, below the north face that might also be considered a small glacier. Further, there is definitely one small glacier on a nearby peak that has crevasses and clearly displays glacier ice. The Trinity Alps have the distinction of being the only mountain range in the United States that lies entirely below timberline (small trees grow just below the final summit block of Thompson Peak) that contains active glaciers."</p><br>
<p>Thompson Peak has steep north and east faces and a gentle southwest slope. Permanent snow fields fill its wide north cirque and also below its east face. It is usually climbed from Canyon Creek Trail, ascending the class 2-3 South Ridge from the east. This route has an 8000 feet elevation gain. About 10 miles.</p><br>
<p>Emery Row is a historic building in Covington, Kentucky, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is an example of design attributable to the regionally significant architect Samuel Hannaford, of Cincinnati, and illustrates the Queen Anne Style architecture as executed in multiple-family housing units.</p><br>
<p>The housing units are situated on portions of Lots 24 and 25 of the Western Baptist Theological Sub-Division (later known as Old Seminary Square Historic District), in Covington. The lots were purchased in 1841 by John Taylor, who sold them post Civil War to Charles Reeves and John Mackoy. In mid-1879, the lots were acquired by Thomas J. and Joseph J. Emery, believed to be the sons of Cincinnati industrialist, Thomas Emery.</p><br>
<p>A number of prominent Covington citizens lived in these residences including Thomas H. Kennedy, the city&#39;s civil engineer and descendant of Thomas Kennedy whose 150 acre farm became the original town of Covington in the early 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Muitzes Kill Historic District is a national historic district located at Schodack in Rensselaer County, New York. It consists of 23 contributing buildings located in the hamlet of Muitzes Kill, or Muitzeskill . The district is one of two in the town of Schodack, the other being Schodack Landing Historic District just two miles west where Muitzeskill Road meets the Hudson River.</p><br>
<p>The visual focus of the district is the Reformed Church of Schodack (1876). Also in the district are a variety of residential buildings dated to the 18th and 19th centuries in the Greek Revival, Federal, and Dutch styles. The district formed partly in response to the development of mills running on hydropower generated by the Muitzes Kill and the remnants of at least one of these mills is still visible along that stream. Although the district is still notable for the preservation of 18th and 19th century structures, several late-20th century residences have been added (such as modular homes). In addition, by 2007 a proposal had been made to develop a tract of land at the southwest corner of Schodack Landing and Muitzeskill Roads to accommodate 30 to 40 new residences. This development would be immediately adjacent to three structures in the district, including the mid-18th century Kittle House and the Reformed Church. However, no construction has occurred to date.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
